Long-term effectiveness of inoculation against misinformation: Three longitudinal experiments.

This study investigates the long-term effectiveness of active psychological inoculation as a means to build resistance against misinformation. Using 3 longitudinal experiments (2 preregistered), we tested Bad News, real-world intervention in which participants develop misinformation through exposure weakened doses techniques. In (NExp1 = 151, NExp2 194, NExp3 170), played either News (inoculation group) or Tetris (gamified control and rated reliability news headlines that used technique not. We found rate fake significantly less reliable after intervention. Experiment 1, assessed at regular intervals explore longevity this effect remains stable for least months. 2, sought replicate these findings without testing significant decay over 2-month time period so was no longer significant. 3, replicated investigated whether effects could be due item-response memorization fake-to-real ratio items presented, but is not case. discuss implications theory research on (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).